What Is Gum Disease? Causes and Symptoms Explained

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is a common problem that affects the tissues around your teeth. It starts as gingivitis, which means your gums are red and swollen. If not treated, it can become periodontitis. This is a more serious gum infection that can damage the bone supporting your teeth. Many people do not notice the early symptoms of gum disease. However, catching it early can help protect your gum health. Gum disease is also called periodontal disease. It can lead to tooth loss if ignored. Knowing the signs of gum disease and understanding gum infection causes can help you take action.

Causes of Gum Disease

Gum disease usually starts with poor oral hygiene. When you do not brush and floss, dental plaque builds up. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria. Over time, it hardens into tartar, which is harder to remove. This can irritate your gums and cause infection. Other causes include:

Smoking or using tobacco

Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy

Medical conditions like diabetes

Some medicines that reduce saliva flow

Poor nutrition, especially low vitamin C

Because these factors can harm your gum health, it is important to care for your mouth every day.

Common Symptoms of Gum Disease

Early symptoms of gingivitis are often mild. Still, you should not ignore them. Watch for these signs of gum disease:

Red, swollen, or tender gums

Gums that bleed when you brush or floss

Bad breath that does not go away

Receding gums (gums pulling away from teeth)

Loose or shifting teeth

Pain when chewing

For example, if your gums bleed often, it may be an early sign of gum disease. Therefore, do not wait to seek help.

Risk Factors

Some people are more likely to get gum disease. For instance, you may be at higher risk if you:

Smoke or use tobacco products

Have diabetes or other health problems

Are pregnant or going through hormonal changes

Have a family history of gum disease

Take medicines that cause dry mouth

Because these factors can increase your risk, regular dental checkups are important.

When to See a Dentist

If you notice any signs of gum disease, see a dentist soon. Early treatment can stop the problem from getting worse. You should visit your dentist if you have:

Gums that bleed easily

Persistent bad breath

Loose teeth

Red or swollen gums

Even if you do not have symptoms, regular dental visits help keep your gum health in check. Dentists can spot problems early and give you advice on oral hygiene. According to the CDC, regular dental care is key to preventing gum disease.

Prevention Tips

Good oral hygiene is the best way to prevent gum disease. Here are some simple tips:

Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste

Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth

Visit your dentist for regular cleanings and checkups

Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals

Avoid smoking or using tobacco

In addition, drinking water after meals can help wash away food particles. Because prevention is easier than treatment, make these habits part of your daily routine.

In summary, gum disease is a serious but preventable problem. If you notice any symptoms or have questions about your gum health, consult a dental professional for personalized advice.